Small class number fields in the family Q(9m2+4m)\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{9m^2+4m})

We study the class number one problem for real quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{9m^2+ 4m})$, where $m$ is an odd integer. We show that for $m \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ there is only one such field with class number one and only one such field with class number two.Comment: 20 pages. Comments are welcom

Discription on a new species of Elasmus westwood (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea) with notes on host-parasitic relationship of some Indian species

A new Indian species of Elasmus in described in the sub family Elasminae Eulophidae from Bareilly district (U.P.), with a host parasite list of some species reared from plant hosts such as fig receptacles, fruits and galls. The parasites emerged from galls made by insects mostly belonged to family Encentidae, Aphelimidae, Eulopidae and Brachonidae. Host parasite list in compiled from the catalogue (Verma and Hayat, 1986)

EFFICACY OF PATRA POTTALI SWED & JANUBASTI IN OSTEOARTHRITIS W.S.R. TO KNEE JOINT (JANU-SANDHIVATA)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease in male while it affects female in younger age. Life style play major role in OA. In Osteoarthritis (Sandhigata vata) pain, swelling, restricted movements of joints are common clinical features. The insidious starting is with aching pain in the joint and relieved by the rest. The other associated symptom is stiffness, which aggravated after a long rest and subsides after by active movement. In this trial entitled efficacy of Patra pottli swed & Janubasti in osteoarthritis w.s.r. to knee joint (Janu-sandhivata) Patra pottali swed & janu basti are selected to treat the Osteoarthritis of knee joint (Janu sandhigata vata) for 90 patients. All the 90 patients were divided in three groups of 30 patients in each group with an Patra Pottali Swed (Nirgundi Patra), Janubasti (Dashmooladi tail) & combined therapy (Patra Pottali Swed & Janu basti).Swedan is indicated in Kapha vata pradhan vyadhi. swedan helps in remove stiffness, pain, heaviness and coldness. In this trail both therapy Patra pottali sed and Kati basti have based on Swedan properties. Acharya charak mentioned in Sagni swed (sankar swed) for Pottali seed. Both therapy are special indicate in Group– A (Patra Pottali Swed) & Group – B (Janubasti) are mild beneficial, statistically significant & Group – C (Patra Pottali Swed & Janu basti) is moderate beneficial, statistically highly significant

AYURVEDA A RAY OF HOPE FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS W.S.R. TO ASTHI MAJJA GATA VATA: A CASE STUDY

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulting covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. The course of MS is usually relapsing-remitting and sometimes progressive. It is the commonest inflammatory- demyelinating disease of the CNS and the most frequently occurring cause of non traumatic neurologic disability in young and middle aged adults. Immunosuppressant or cortico­­-steroids as only available treatment in modern science, Ayurveda only the ray of hope. In Ayurveda, multiple Sclerosis can be correlated with Asthi – Majjagatavata. Aim: A case study had been done to find effective management for MS. A 35 year old female patient came to Panchkarma OPD, Dr. S.R. Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur was suffering from Weakness, Numbness and burning sensation in both arms or legs and Numbness in abdominal region and lack of coordination for 18months.she was diagnosed case of multiple sclerosis (kurtzke disability grade Five) had been given Ayurvedic medicine as well as Panchkarma shown encouraging results. Conclusion: Patient was observed for symptomatic improvement based assessment done by questionnaire, also observed for clinical examination. Patient was also observed for complication during whole course of treatment, untoward complications were not seen. Conservative management of MS through Ayurvedic principles improving the quality of life and decrease dependency of patient. Result: Patient showed improvement kurtzke disability grade Five to grade two

Short shots and industrial case studies: Understanding fluid flow and solidification in high pressure die casting

AbstractThe geometric complexity and high fluid speeds involved in high pressure die casting (HPDC) combine to give strongly three dimensional fluid flow with significant free surface fragmentation and splashing. A simulation method that has proved particularly suited to modelling HPDC is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Materials are approximated by particles that are free to move around rather than by fixed grids, enabling more accurate prediction of fluid flows involving complex free surface motion. Three practical industrial case studies of SPH simulated HPDC flows are presented; aluminium casting of a differential cover (automotive), an electronic housing and zinc casting of a door lock plate. These show significant detail in the fragmented fluid free surfaces and allow us to understand the predisposition to create defects such as porosity in the castings. The validation of flow predictions coupled with heat transfer and solidification is an important area for such modelling. One powerful approach is to use short shots, where insufficient metal is used in the casting or the casting shot is halted part way through, to leave the die cavity only partially filled. The frozen partial castings capture significant detail about the order of fill and the flow structures occurring during different stages of filling. Validation can occur by matching experimental and simulated short shots. Here we explore the effect of die temperature, metal super-heat and volume fill on the short shots for the casting of a simple coaster. The bulk features of the final solid castings are found to be in good agreement with the predictions, but the fine details appear to depend on surface behaviour of the solidifying metals. This potentially has significant implications for modelling HPDC

PANCHKARMA MANAGEMENT OF SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Cerebral Palsy is a neurological disorder that affects a child’s movement, motor skill and muscle tone. The present case is of a patient having Spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy which was successfully managed with Panchakarma treatment. A four year old boy complaint of global developmental delay with predominantly gross developmental delay, can’t feed himself, unable to sit without support, does not roll over, has age appropriate non-verbal communication was treated with Panchakarma procedures. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of the case was Shiro-Marmabhighatajsankochajanyavatavyadhi. We have formulated an Panchakarma therapy protocol to improve the condition of spastic diplegic CP patients. Result was observed in the form of GMFCS Level and significant changes in investigations

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus anaesthesia improves arteriovenous fistula flow characteristics in end-stage renal disease patients

Background: Surgical construction of an arteriovenous fistula is preferred for end-stage renal failure patients requiring long-term haemodialysis.Methods: Patients were randomised into two groups: brachial plexus group (n = 30) or local infiltration group (n = 30). In all patients, a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula was created by an experienced surgeon using a standard surgical technique. In both groups 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine was used. Doppler assessment of vessels was performed at fixed time intervals.Results: Primary patency rate was 100% in the brachial plexus block group whereas there was 10% fistula failure rate in the local infiltration group (p-value = 0.237). Diameter of the vessels, peak systolic velocity, mean diastolic velocity, and blood flow at 30 minutes, 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after the fistula creation was significantly greater than the preoperative diameter in all patients (p-value < 0.05). Intergroup comparison revealed that vascular parameters were significantly better in the brachial plexus analgesia group versus local infiltration group at all observation points up to and including six weeks post fistula creation (p-value < 0.05).Conclusion: Brachial plexus anaesthesia significantly dilates the vessel diameter and increases blood flow whereas local infiltration has a negligible effect on vessel diameter and blood flow.Keywords: arteriovenous fistula, end-stage renal disease, ultrasound guided supraclavicular bloc

Chemical Composition, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Myorelaxant, Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of Rabdosia rugosus Wall. (Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.)

For the present investigation Rabdosia rugosus Wall. Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.  was collected from Pancheshwar, Uttarakhand on the way to Badrinath. The GC and GC-MS analysis, revealed the presence of more than forty compounds out of which 35 compounds were identified amounting to 97.3% of the total oil. The essential oil of R. rugosus was rich in sesquiterpinoids (~90%) and was poor in monoterpenoids (8.1%). α-bisabolol (41.9%) was the major constituent of the oil and the other identified major compounds were germacrene-D (9.7%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), dehydroabietane (5.2%), ar-curcumene (5.0), trans-ferruginol (3.3%) α-cadinol (3.2%), τ-muurolol (2.3%),   p-Cymene (3.2%) and  γ-terpinene (2.0%). The  essential  oil  of  Rabdosia rugosus showed insignificant  anti-inflammatory  and  analgesic  activity  but  shows  significant  antipyretic,   myorelaxant and  antimicrobial activity

Concentrate feeding to dairy cattle in India: Practices and implications for Indian dairy industry

The shaping of agriculture and allied sectors is possible as a result of research and development (R&D) efforts by offering new ideas, innovations, products and technologies. However, it is also observed that majority of the technologies developed by scientists are irrelevant and inappropriate for field conditions leading to poor diffusion and adoption. This issue is also aggravated by the fact that there is poor linkage of research-extension and farmers. With this theoretical background, the present study has focused on the ground realities or practices, perception of multi-stakeholders viz. dairy farmers, scientists and extensionists about concentrate feeds and has proposed certain policy implications for Indian dairy industry. The study included 360 dairy farmers, 80 research scientists and 40 extensionists in India. The primary data was collected by both qualitative and quantitative method using interview schedule, questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation method. The study revealed that scientists and extension experts were more favourable towards relevance, profitability and sustainability of concentrate feeds, while the perception of farmers was less favourable towards concentrate feeds. The study also observed that there was a wide gap (higher per cent gap) among farmers-scientists and farmers-extensionists with regards to relevance, profitability and sustainability of concentrate feeds, while the gap was very narrow among scientists and extensionists. Hence, the study concluded that scientists have to generate and transfer field relevant, profitable and sustainable dairy innovations for higher diffusion and adoption at field conditions. The study also recommends to involve farmers as the partners of research and extension for effective generation and transfer of dairy innovations leading to higher productivity in Indian dairy sector

Local Values in Governance: Legacy of Choho in Forest and School Management in a Tamang Community in Nepal

The political modernization in Nepal accelerated since 1951 when the country changed its course owing to a popular movement that was acclaimed as the beginning of democracy in the country. However, the governments continued cultural and political homogenization.  This has been so in the case of local governance practices as well. Modern governing structures/institutions are guided by the state formed policies and elite-based power structures despite the fact that different ethnic groups in Nepal have their own traditional self-governance systems. In this context, this article unfolds the inheritance of traditional practices of the Tamang community (one of the major ethnic groups of Nepal), in a village, in the district adjoining Kathmandu valley, within the modern structures of governance of forest and school management systems. The paper argues that there is a legacy of the traditional institution, the Choho, though the system of Choho itself has now largely disappeared. This paper, based on ethnographic fieldwork, presents the accounts of Choho and examples of how the particular norms, values, beliefs, and practices are still in practice challenging and denying the modern/state formed mechanisms of governing the forests and schools in the village. The paper further argues that given the modern governance system, the traditional souvenir exchange practice that was rooted in the notion of honour and respect has now shifted towards the practice of giving and receiving gifts based upon the principle of reciprocal benefits that could be described as a bribe